RTS XCP-48-RJ45 Uživatelský manuál stáhnout pdf (Strana 45)

Network Terminology

Bridges

A bridge is a device that connects two LANs, or two segments of the same LAN that use the same protocol.

Sometimes called “transparent bridges, they work at the OSI model Layer 2. Simply put, they are not

concerned with protocols. Their main job is to pass data to a destination address that is predetermined in the

data packet.

With a bridge, all of your computers are on the same network subnet (see Subnet). This means your

computers can communicate with each other and have their own Internet connection. If you assign your own

IP Addresses be sure to use the same first 3 “octets” of the IP Address (for example, 192.168.0.X).

Domain Name Server (DNS)

A DNS Server is an Internet service that translates domain names (for example, in the URL http://

www.telex.com, the domain name is the telex.com) into IP Addresses. The Internet is based on IP Addresses

which are numeric and since domain names are alphabetic, they are easier to remember. Every time a domain

name is used it must go through the DNS server to be translated into an IP Address.

Gateway

A gateway is a node on a network that serves as an entrance to another network. The gateway routes traffic

from a computer to an outside network that is serving the web pages. For example, the gateway for a home

computer is the ISP provider that connects the user to the Internet.

In a corporate environment, the gateway often acts as a proxy server and a firewall. Gateways are similar to

routers and switches in that they forward data to the destination and provide the path for which the data will

travel to the destination.

Hub

A hub is a common connection point for devices in a network. A hub has multiple ports. When a data packet

arrives at a hub, it is copied and distributed to all of its ports so that all nodes on the LAN can see the packets.

There are three types of hubs:

passive hub

- this hub serves as a conduit for the data, enabling it to go from one device to another.

intelligent hub (also known as manageable hubs) - this hub includes addition features that enable administrators

to monitor traffic through the hub.

switching hub - this hub reads the destination address of each packet and then forwards the data pack to the

appropriate port.

IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)

An IP Address is an identifier or numerical name for a computer or device on a network. Data between

computers are routed over the network using these addresses to identify the computer the message is being

sent to and the computer the message is being sent from.

The format of an IP Address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. For

example, an IP Address looks like 10.100.1.1.

IMPORTANT: When working within an isolated network (meaning there is no Internet access), IP

Addresses can be assigned at random just as long as they are unique to each computer and device. When the

isolated network is connected to the Internet, registered Internet Addresses must be obtained. This is to

prevent duplication of addresses.

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RTS XCP-48-RJ45 Uživatelský manuál Strana 45